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The Madison Avenue Field GuideA field guide to marketing & advertising, by Brandon Mina

GlossaryMeasurement & AttributionAdstock (Carryover Effect)

Measurement & Attribution

Adstock (Carryover Effect)

An MMM transformation capturing how an ad's impact lingers and decays over the weeks after it runs, rather than ending when spend stops.

By Brandon MinaCEO, BrandPilot AIUpdated November 2026

Short answer

Adstock, or the carryover effect, is a transformation in marketing mix modeling that captures how an ad's impact lingers and decays over the weeks after it runs rather than stopping when spend ends. It is usually expressed as a decay rate. Modeling adstock prevents undervaluing channels like TV whose effects build and persist over time.