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The Madison Avenue Field GuideA field guide to marketing & advertising, by Brandon Mina

GlossaryStrategy & FrameworksMessy Middle

Strategy & Frameworks

Messy Middle

Google's 2020 research, with The Behavioural Architects, describing how shoppers loop between exploration and evaluation before purchase.

By Brandon MinaCEO, BrandPilot AIUpdated November 2026

Short answer

The Messy Middle is Google's 2020 research, conducted with The Behavioural Architects, describing how shoppers loop between exploration and evaluation before making a purchase. Between trigger and purchase, people expand and narrow their options repeatedly, influenced by cognitive biases. It encourages brands to stay present and persuasive throughout this nonlinear phase.